AIDS research progress : AIDS Immuno deficiency infection lethal virus

Summary:AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the English nameAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,AIDS.Because humans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV) After the cause immunodeficiency, concurrentA series of opportunistic infections and tumors, severe cases can lead to death syndrome. Currently, AIDS has become a serious health threat to people of the worldKang public health problem.1983, Humans first discoveredHIV. Currently, AIDS has changed from one fatal disease of availableControl of chronic diseases. This article will treat the last few years and its progress in the AIDS virus as a brief description.

Key words: AIDS  Immuno deficiency  infection  lethal  virus

AIDS Research Progress at home and abroad 

Abstract: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the English name of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS. Lead to immunodeficiency in humans infected with human immunodeficiency virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV), complicated by a series of opportunistic infections and tumors, severe cases can result in death syndrome. Currently, AIDS has become a serious threat to the health of the people of the world public health problem. In 1983, the first human found HIV. AIDS from a fatal disease into a controllable chronic disease. In this paper, a brief elaboration recent years the treatment of AIDS and its progress in the research of the virus.

AIDS immunodeficiency; infection progress; lethal; virus 

Introduction

from 20 century 80 Since the early years of AIDS, the world, while its extensive basic research, to open its textile industryShow a wide range of exploration. Although rapid progress, but so far there is no medicine called special effects. Thus, the gene therapy of AIDS has become sheepExplore ways to effect a direction for AIDS prevention(1). China in recent years, the number of HIV infections per year increase fairly quicklyLong, indicating China has entered a period of rapid growth. Once in the growth period, there will be accelerated growth of the infection trend, if thisPhase control measures ineffective, will quickly enter the flood period. Therefore, China can be used for containment of AIDS is not much time and opportunity.Only to 2006 Years, AIDS has made 2500 People were killed 4000 Million people are infected, it has become the world15-59 Men and women aged topKiller, so that the history of human development has suffered the biggest reversal, in other words it has become the biggest challenge facing our generation

First, the AIDS epidemic in the country

AIDS in China through three roughly six new stage,1985 Year to 1988 In case the incoming of foreign, 1989 Year to 1993 In the spread of AIDS,1994In so far as the rapid growth of AIDS. in 1985 Year to 1988, The National AIDS everyIn less than a report dozens of cases, the vast majority of infected people return from abroad, at the time known as the AIDS abroad.1989 year 10 Yunnan monthProvincial health and epidemic prevention departments detected in the China-Burma border146 AIDS virus infection,Source of infection Television intravenous drug use.From 1989 Year to 1994 Years, China entered the proliferation of the AIDS epidemic.1995 The number of HIV infections in China from the previous hundreds of cases of a sudden jumpRise1567Cases, including the vast majority of people in Henan to sell blood in some rural areas of China into the rapid growth of the AIDS epidemic.  According to the Chinese Ministry of Health 2003 Assessment report published by the end of AIDS, AIDS is currently in China has entered the peak of the epidemic, the report Disclosure China existing HIV infection 84 Million, of which AIDS patients 8 People, the epidemic has spread throughout the country 31 Provinces.  2001 year8monthtwenty threeday,Chinese government announced that China to the outside world due to the presence of the fact that the spread of AIDS selling blood.Wen village as this one kindRepresentative types of propagation inevitable overnight. Ever since the emergence of AIDS in the world, the main route of transmission is sexual. In China,Currently through intravenous drug use and paid blood donation is the main route of transmission of AIDS. Data shows, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Guangxi, GuangzhouEast, Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Beijing and other nine provinces and municipalities, the local population direct drug prevalence has exceeded5%,butExperts suggest that sexual transmission of power still can not be ignored.  Deputy Health Minister Lund summarizes the main features of China's AIDS epidemic:One involves a wide range,Nationwide31Provinces,autonomous region,Municipalities were found to be infected persons; the second is the epidemic spread from high-risk groups to the general population, drug users sharing syringes is the spread of HIVThe primary channel through sexual contact, mother to child transmission rate of growth year after year, the third is infected are young, mostly in rural areas,Fourth, in some areas faced with the peak incidence of death,Fifth, the AIDS epidemic widespread risk factors,Mainly as unsafe sex,In the MSM, sex workers population has a higher proportion of drug users sharing syringes behavior prevalent among drug users.  China has now entered a period of rapid HIV eyeful of each year in order to30%Growth rate. Experts predict that if nothing is doneEffective control to2010The number of HIV infections in China will exceed1000Million, while the Chinese government's goal is to2010Years, the number of people infected with HIV control in China150Wan inside. Obviously, in front of a very difficult task

Second, foreign AIDS epidemic dynamics

from 1981 In the first case in the United StatesAIDS Since the patient is currentlyAIDSIt has been widely popular in the world, to 2002 The end of the worldA total reportable segments and five continents 210 A number of countries,HIVEstimated the number of infections, which 90% Over minors, whoin 41% For women. Estimated worldwide 1% of 15 to 49 Infection in adults agedHIV,Have75%Because the cause is sexual intercourse with the opposite sex. In a senseDyed who have 270 Million were 15 Children with 90% Flash of those infected live in developing countries.2002, The world HIV About new infections 500 Million, or children 80 Million, or about every day 16,000 Human infection. only 2002 Global because AIDS The death of 310 Million, or whose parents died in the existing global AIDS Orphans 1120 Million and the vast majority in Africa. Sub-Saharan AfricaThe world by AIDS Most severely affected areas. To 2002 Late last year, the regionHIVThe total number of infections2940Million, accounting for the globalThe total number of infections 70% the above. 2003 In new HIV cases 320 Million and the number of deaths reached230Million and the total number of deaths accumulated over

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One indulgence infection HIV generation HIV-experienced

Indulgence once HIV infection "80

After "Satsuki tells the personal experience of people living with the AIDS virus, called on young people to cherish life 25 years old, graduated from national universities, two-year career, in the eyes of others, and handsome Moon (a pseudonym) was considered to be the "$literal" of success. 1 months ago, even I think so myself. But the reality a bit cruel, take a chance, an unsafe sex moments two years ago to the brink of life and death--he is infected with the HIV (AIDS virus).

On November 8, after experiencing panic, escape, desperate, I summoned the courage to CDC HIV/AIDS section Chua sent a message, is about "a life story", the protagonist is the moon. "Warning is not infected people, seizing every moment; encourage people who are already infected, face life, community Thanksgiving", which is "a life story" was born in the first place. November 28 at dusk, from the "12·1" World AIDS Day to three days, in a dark Café, Satsuki was telling reporters about "a life story" behind the story.

Found in volunteer blood donors infected with HIV

Crystal: you have a good mental state, how are you? Satsuki: Okay, live and work as usual, we must strengthen the psychological implications, live in the moment. (Wearing black-rimmed glasses, dressed I licked the cup of grapefruit tea, faint smile) Crystal: when knew he was infected with HIV? Satsuki: October 19, more than a month ago, when blood donors, in fact I have a sinking feeling. Crystal: a sinking feeling? Satsuki: through the year so well. Some students are unable to find work after graduation, I graduated in just 2 years, became one of the youngest leaders, also plans to buy a House at the end of it. Honestly, happiness will awaken when I go to sleep. Crystal: you remember the day?

Satsuki: it's hard to forget. Blood donations a week later, nor did he reply me that blood no problem, I call the municipal Center for disease control, the doctor said, "HIV this dubious", I felt something was wrong. Crystal: I hear you on the same day to do the testing? Satsuki: while the noon quitting time to do HIV testing. Waiting 5 minutes for the results in seconds, mind blank, heart prayer "should be fine". Doctor holding called my name, person next to me to avoid it, I know something bad. "You were indeed infected", the doctor said. Instantly, my scalp pins and needles, cold feet, trembling, constantly drinking, repeatedly ask yourself, "this is the dream? "Jing Bao: was definitely not willing to accept the fact, right? Satsuki: well, my head with both hands pulling her hair, just a Word, "to live forever". "7-10" ear doctor's answers, I staggered to the side of the road, looking at the passing cars, pedestrians hurry, everyone seems to laugh at me. "I'm dead, my parents do? I didn't shun them. What about my work? They need me. "Constantly echoed a question mark in my mind, I slap his chest, tears streaming down, at that moment, I called the" second "and said" I had an infection, "he replied within 3 days from Beijing, came to see me. Crystal: "second" is one of your best friends? Satsuki: it should be said, a former "boyfriend". In 2003, I got into the country from a famous University, then I will know your true feelings. "Er" was 2006 's, but I work in a big city in the North, because they are not in the same place, we broke up. In 2009, I came to Shenzhen.

If you has is infected, so please strong to live down: 1, and please don't back past of dark, because road is himself through of, past of things no anyone can change; 2, and we live in at now, please you with at now more do good, and more honor you of parents and family, Thanksgiving you around of each people, more contribution social, because now you is was national of welfare and care policy support and help with; 3, and please don't to wants to distant of future, please put you of long-term target decomposition, into short-term target, Towards your short term goals to survive, 4, play to your strengths, to take part in public activities, make your life more meaningful; 5, alive, there is hope, come on! "--Xiao Yue Yue

Moment the great love of parents give up thoughts of suicide

Crystal: CDC Chua said, you're the fastest accepted the reality of people living with HIV? Satsuki: struggling for 3 days. First day home, I can't watch TV, for fear of seeing others happy appearance. In the evening, from more than 20 building look out the window of the home, heart of the city, through traffic, look at their photographs, in the mirror of yourself, feel that everything is meaningless. I open the Windows, forced out the head and right leg lifted "" Crystal: do you want to die? Satsuki: (sigh), but quickly dismissed the idea. Crystal: what made you return to God? Satsuki: I can't jump, I went my parents do, also cause problems to people in the community. Crystal: you made the right choice! How do you spend the next two days? Satsuki: to force myself not to recall the past, implying that his daily annoyance, decadent, and tomorrow is going to die is nothing different. 3rd day, "two", his way of comforting and others do not, "the lesson," I said, "If you like this decadent, go to death tomorrow. "Crystal:" two "the wake up call? Satsuki: Yes. I suddenly remembered a book says: "no one can be sure tomorrow, whether in this world, we are able to grasp only the moment", Yes, I'm still alive, and as long as we live, there is hope. Pick up tells life story Crystal: "a life story" tells the story of your personal experience? Satsuki: Yes, from small to large growing up, relationships, of course, also includes the processes that arise after HIV infection. Crystal: how could write their stories to the public? Satsuki: I wanted to write something for myself as a souvenir, and more importantly, through their own experiences, warning people who are not infected, so they grasp at the moment, encourage the people who are already infected, please stand up to life, community Thanksgiving. Crystal: the process of writing is also quite uncomfortable? Satsuki: grief, always thinking, all my savings were not, as long as Exchange for health, for my parents, I am willing to get married and have children, but does not come back, the only thing I can do is through my story, arouse the attention of people, especially young people about AIDS. Crystal: "a life story" has been the Centers for disease control has published brochures publicly distributed. Satsuki: I know, I'm willing to do public service campaigns.

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Classification of HIV

There are two types 

HIV:HIV-1 and HIV-2, their main difference is that on the envelope glycoprotein. 

HIV Is a strong variation of the virus, varies between different strains, or even the same strain in the same body can change in just a few months,

Original and effectiveness in neutralizing antibody to lose, which created great difficulties for HIV vaccine development. 

Current HIV-1 strains of the global epidemic hasappeared in three groups, namely, m,

O and group n, where m can be divided into A to j 10 subtypes and inter-subtype recombinants have been found. 

HIV-2 a to f 6 Subtypes. Now some scholars on the basis of the biological characteristics of the virus HIV-1 grouping, according to the virus and the host cell with the use of auxiliarydifferent receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4), divided into R5 and

X4 strains; or under host range and copy the feature, are divided into non-syncytium inducing strains (NSl) and syncytium inducing strains (S1), toxic and nontoxic strains of strain; fast/high and low/slow type. HIV on the outside lower resistance than hepatitis b virus (HBV) has a much lower resistance to outside. Sensitive to heat, dry,no acid resistance. 60~C above may be inactivated. Therefore, injection equipment,medical appliances, heat sterilized, boil or steam sterilization can be achieved ShawHIV purposes. HIV is very sensitive to chemical crystals, commonly used disinfectants such as 70% alcohol, 10% chloride, 2%, glutaraldehyde, 4% formalin-inactivated virus.

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HIV basics

1. Elaborate range

This document was only a volunteer responsible for collating and express their personal understanding of fear of AIDS-related knowledge, hope you help friends, this article relates to HIV/AIDS infection to explain oral sex belongs to the edge, no knowledge of sex problems. Note also, hope that we can keep his nose clean! So as to 100% excluded, otherwise, is always 99.9999...%

2. HIV infection 

1. Discharge: the virus must pass through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, cervical secretions, breast milk and other means from the infection or the patient's body. 
2. Survival: a quantitative analysis Although scientific studies have not been able to survive under different environmental conditions, but what is certain is, virus survival in the environment is very fragile, particularly in the dry environment, even lower than the viability of the hepatitis b virus. Survival of virus in saliva and tear conditions the probability is very small.
3. Enter: the virus must pass through the damaged skin and mucous membrane in order to enter into another human's blood. Little damage gums no virus enters the channel. 
4. Enough: only up to a certain number of pathogens occurs when numbers do not form a certain scale, the body's immune system can play a role in killing them.

3. Oral sex 

Without oral sex, this topic is a lot of controversy, seventh art supports most of the risk on the reference to the General Assembly on the initiative of several gay mouth shot-fine cases of infection, and believe no acts of oral sex is dangerous! First of all, this meeting is very long, and things that are good for many years ago, the case is still not widely recognized, first, fewer samples, samples of more than more than 100 gay, not enough weight and representation. Second, the case credibility of the infection channels worth considering. If the Assembly has no actual meaning, only academic significance, its nature and Nations to "negative people living with HIV" survey, does not equal recognised negative for infection, but as a research project. 

World Health Organization has not authorized this infection channels, no warning. None of that is by far the world's 33 million people living with HIV is no confirmed cases of infection through oral sex. Many dangers on the supporters said no oral sex if mouth bleeding gums or mouth ulcers encountered minor skin lesions of the penis can be infected. We think this is extreme not reality of speculated that, reason following: 1. sex workers of mouth. make technology General are is good, so penis contact of are is oral and tongue, not contact gum, so gum bleeding encountered penis almost impossible. 2. General no sets mouth make service in the, woman will with tongue licking licked penis, this body outside infection we know is more impossible of. 3. fire and ice, woman in the mouth with warm water and cold water will accelerate the dilution and destruction of the virus, is even less likely that infection. This is the fundamental reality of action logic, that is, reality is logically infection does not occur. 

Even oral has bleeding, to first see bleeding volume, General of gum bleeding, ulcer like of General oral disease of bleeding volume in encountered oral saliva of diluted Hou even accept party Glans has wound also impossible infection, saliva itself on has inhibit virus of role, medical has confirmed "saliva can killed" HIV "so general oral General wound bleeding volume is impossible infection of, this is why said passive party not infection of main reasons one of, Why the infection because the theory can in theory if you have large open wound bleeding in the mouth, in this case are likely to be infected, but in practice you're not going to get a mouthful of blood, people give you oral sex, such extreme cases if you perform oral sex on you, it is nothing but self-destruction. Second, we'll look at rigorous scientific, according to art more than more than 100 samples of individual cases by the  General Assembly. We'll look at more of the back, starting with United States and Australia combined test, United States 1500 people (3,000) people living with HIV, one normal. the end result is no people infected, Spain for more than 10 years of follow-up is not found. 19,000 non-protected. (positive) is not infected ... 

In addition to syphilis. infection cases recorded is gay, you say this is not a coincidence. Whatever the number, the cumulative number of worldwide sex. overwhelming a significantly higher proportion of GAY, why even syphilis is only gay. cross-infection? So many medical academics to HIV infection through oral sex is negative. If you don't believe in logic, did not believe in statistics, so below I refer to authoritative view. Third, engaging in sexually transmitted disease epidemic AIDS research expert practitioners of 30 have had considerable social investigation and verified export. won't affect conclusions, saying "I heard. Yang" can make people to overthrow? Medhelp on kJ's actual risk is risk-free, never recommend testing for minimal risk and no risk that they think it's just differences in language, the former being "specialist school of language", teak,LIU Ngirl are 3 moderators of medhelp, teak is also infected with HIV, but they always thought kj0 risks, and both active and passive. To be sure teak in the United States there are many lectures, what he said is legally responsible.

4. Unprotected sex 

Once unprotected sex risk of infection is very small, as our current population, as well as carriers of data conversion obtained by the maximum number of 2 million people carrying, the risk of infection is minimal, why a high risk infections near zero? Before this we should learn some basics: microbial friends may know, some bacteria can secrete a lytic enzyme, in a case without any wound, you can automatically enter the body from the skin of young thin. But the virus is by far the most low-level pathogens, no automated ability to secrete lysozyme, so HIV virus is by means of passive external wound inside the body. If there is no presence of wound infection is not possible.

The wound most can be seen with the naked eye, it has been suggested that some wounds are invisible, but it is not the size, if it can see with the naked eye, can cause physiological responses, because more sensitive to human nerve cells. Can't say the wound size, will feel the pain, itching, or other sensations. No wound is usually very easy. Understanding these knowledge, you know, HIV infection has been associated with wound and. In retrospect, why hardly a high-risk infections because of minimal risk exists or might formed the wound for the first time. For further information, you can see the following examples: first, scientific reports at home and abroad for the card: 1, according to the reports, but one that comes with the experts have more than more than 500 HIV survey results showed they were "old prostitute", that is, more than 90% is also sexually transmitted disease patients.

Obviously, there are sexually transmitted diseases cannot be a and at high risk of STD patients is apparent with the wound. Man can be at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases for the first time, General say their sex organs are intact. 2, a professor in Wuhan reported recently, he was a party to the investigation for the families of HIV-infected people, the couple lived together for many years, has done nothing to prevent, most people are not infected, only 10% per cent of people infected with, it is said that 10% do surveys of these infections, and found that most people suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, gynecological diseases and conditions. So hardly infection really sex organs intact. Second, the scientific theory can be confirmed.

1 High risk 

male organ for the first time should be complete, if it is sexual intercourse, due to the natural lubrication of the vagina, and highly unlikely that friction causes the wound. So regardless of whether or not that comes with the HIV infection is likely to be small.

2 Genital wounds caused mainly in two ways:

one is formed after the STI in the wound, especially syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases is difficult to heal the wound, so people suffering from sexually transmitted diseases to high risk is really high risk. Another cut is formed by friction, sex rubbing the wound to form, but anal sex is really hard to say. Generally speaking sexual intercourse may almost small enough to be considered a high risk infection. Probability ratio is around: GJ>XJ>KJ> kissing, sex ratio, male male > male-female > female male > female-female. A male patient with AIDS in sperm into each other without set 300:1 for anal infection, meaning that only 300 will be infected. The risk declined steadily relations and gender in different ways, are based on multiples of 10 drop. To find Miss common, female male (no sets), one of its almost 300000 points. Note here, only blood (tissue fluid) Exchange is contagious, this tissue fluid mainly refers to blood, semen and vaginal secretions. The others can be ignored. Because sexual intercourse, anal mucosa under the friction may cause skin damage, which caused the spread of possibilities. Means the cuts will lead to possible, this special understanding. Moreover, the AIDS virus that is probably a very weak, which is why, because if he leaves the host body (blood), inactivated in 1-3 seconds,

3 Seconds after death.

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