about physical therapy : Development of rehabilitation medicine

Physical therapy during the first phase (1880-1919).

 

Physical therapy during the first phase (1880-1919). This phase by means of physical factors, simple treatments, such as massage, adaptive sports, direct current, induction, insolation, solar lamp, UV, etc. Learn names for massage therapists Association. Rehabilitation agencies were established in 1910. For example, during the first world war, United States was founded in New York in 1917, "International Centre for persons with disabilities", United States Army established the body recovery and rehabilitation, rehabilitation treatment for wounded soldiers; 1917 society of occupational therapy have also been established.

During the second stage of physical medicine (1920~1945).

After the first world war, war injuries and increase polio remains endemic to enable such persons, stimulated the rapid development of physics, such as diagnostics, radiotherapy, used not only to treat, also used for diagnosis and prevention of disabilities, development of physical medicine. Association of physical therapists was established in 1920, United States Government laws, guarantee payment of AIDS to persons with physical disabilities, career. Founded in 1923 the United States Association of physical medicine and rehabilitation. United Kingdom and Canada has also set up training institutions, various training for the sick and wounded, so that the war can return to work. Some functional assessment methods (such as freehand method for determination of muscle strength) and many rehabilitation tools (such as muscle strength treatment of hyperthermia therapy, improving orthosis therapy for paralysis, muscle function and so on) appear during this period. But this period of rehabilitation medicine has not yet formed a complete and independent specialists.

In second times world war during wounded more, for makes wounded as soon as possible returns front, rehabilitation medical of parent, United States of Howard A.Rusk, in physical medical of based Shang used more subject integrated application rehabilitation treatment, as physical treatment, and psychological treatment, and job treatment, and language treatment, and prosthetic and the orthopaedic support with Assembly,, for large wounded for function recovery of practice, greatly improve rehabilitation effect, powerful to promoted has rehabilitation medical of development. Howard A.Rusk, put forward the theories, principles and methods of rehabilitation medicine, greatly promoting the development of the modern concept of rehabilitation medicine and technology. Also during the clarify of principles on rehabilitation, such as functional training for patients, clarify the purpose of treatment and training not only physical function recovery of wounded, spirit will be rehabilitated.

In the United Kingdom, renowned orthopaedic surgeon Robert Jones in the United Kingdom set up rehabilitation centres in the air force, after treatment to the wounded and training, the 77% of the wounded returned to combat duties. Rehabilitation of some influential ideas also formed during this period, for example, in 1938 by Le-ithauser, who advocated early off-bed activity after major surgery, is considered to be one of the major changes in the practice of medicine in this century. 1938 United States society of physiotherapy was established in 1943, United Kingdom established physical medicine.

The third period

Physical medicine and rehabilitation phase (since 1946). After World War two, States the war rehabilitation organizations have been converted to peacetime rehabilitation centre for wounded soldiers, Rusk, strong proponent of rehabilitation medicine, battle damage assessment and rehabilitation experience in times of peace, promoting the progress of some major diseases treatment.

• In the 1940 of the 20th century, for example, Levine and Lown bedridden after myocardial infarction are not considered wise to Goldwater limited quantitative exercise, 60%~70% myocardial infarction patients can return to work, now lay the practice of exercise rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
• 1947 United States previous physical medicine will be renamed as the physical medicine and Rehabilitation Institute, and the establishment of the system of rehabilitation specialists.
• 1948 Professor Rusk in the United States created Institute of rehabilitation medicine at New York University. 50 after Rusk and others efforts, rehabilitation medicine became an independent medical discipline.
• 1950 establishment of the international society of physical medicine and rehabilitation,
• In 1952, France held its first International Conference on rehabilitation medicine in Paris.
• 1969 Sykney Licht initiated the establishment of the "International Association of rehabilitation medicine", and in 1970
• Years in Italy held the first General Assembly, which marks the maturation of rehabilitation medicine. In order to facilitate rehabilitation work carried out all over the world, who also has rehabilitation and rehabilitation experiences relative to apply it in time of peace.

With medical health career of development, people life conditions improved, potent infectious diseases to control and eradication, human average expects life value extended, population aging, chronic diseases and Geriatrics proportion greatly increased, coupled with traffic accident and other accident hurt event increased, community of disability population also corresponding increased, patients and medical personnel also are cannot just meet Yu simple of cure, and requirements function also can get save and recovery, desire get high of life quality. All of these provide social impetus for rapid development of rehabilitation medicine, basic medicine and clinical development also lay a solid foundation for the development of rehabilitation medicine.

Concluding remarks

Rehabilitation medicine in China started late, but our unique combination of TCM and Western medicine rehabilitation medicine and modern rehabilitation medicine in the world trend toward convergence, active in academic exchange abroad, develop more quickly. Currently has been building up around a number of rehabilitation centers, rehabilitation hospitals, outpatient rehabilitation medicine, planned and carried out multiple layers of rehabilitation medicine education, cultivate a large number of rehabilitation professionals.

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Classification of HIV

There are two types 

HIV:HIV-1 and HIV-2, their main difference is that on the envelope glycoprotein. 

HIV Is a strong variation of the virus, varies between different strains, or even the same strain in the same body can change in just a few months,

Original and effectiveness in neutralizing antibody to lose, which created great difficulties for HIV vaccine development. 

Current HIV-1 strains of the global epidemic hasappeared in three groups, namely, m,

O and group n, where m can be divided into A to j 10 subtypes and inter-subtype recombinants have been found. 

HIV-2 a to f 6 Subtypes. Now some scholars on the basis of the biological characteristics of the virus HIV-1 grouping, according to the virus and the host cell with the use of auxiliarydifferent receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4), divided into R5 and

X4 strains; or under host range and copy the feature, are divided into non-syncytium inducing strains (NSl) and syncytium inducing strains (S1), toxic and nontoxic strains of strain; fast/high and low/slow type. HIV on the outside lower resistance than hepatitis b virus (HBV) has a much lower resistance to outside. Sensitive to heat, dry,no acid resistance. 60~C above may be inactivated. Therefore, injection equipment,medical appliances, heat sterilized, boil or steam sterilization can be achieved ShawHIV purposes. HIV is very sensitive to chemical crystals, commonly used disinfectants such as 70% alcohol, 10% chloride, 2%, glutaraldehyde, 4% formalin-inactivated virus.

Read Also : HIV basics

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How to eliminate acne?

How to eliminate acne, eliminate acne three principles

Due to high temperature, oil secretion, cuticle piled too thick, plus the hair follicles of Propionibacterium acnes infested, easy form acne on your face. Because the pores are closed, the oxidation of fats have not been inside, so you can see some of the red and white point. If it is white that Whitehead, red is already inflamed, requiring early treatment. Other endocrine disorders of the body is the cause of acne. In addition, too much stress, eating pungent oily foods, stress, as well as factors such as improper cleaning can cause the symptoms. Long acne do? Follow these three simple rules. Don't do the extra things, starting from the key points and easily eliminate acne.

1. Choose the right skin care products skin symptoms appear in the daily care of the need for special care and special attention. Because it is only reasonable and proper skin care can promote the healing of acne, and also good for the long-term health of the skin. First thing is to choose the right skin care products, you should try to use some texture and mild products such as lotion or gel is suitable. They are refreshing and hydrating texture, so you can promote skin oil and water balance. Also recommends the use of products containing natural ingredients well, anti-inflammatory or acne ingredients, such as Aloe Vera, green tea and the like, or having to kill Propionibacterium acne aikesiqing Acne gel is a good choice.
2. Long acne should apply sunscreen products, many people might think that face long acne pimples, do not need to apply sunscreen products, for fear of the skin pores causing secondary plug, make the symptoms worse. But in fact, if you do not use products such as sunscreen, UV rays can lead to increased inflammation, acne is more serious. But when I try to use some of the water quality of the product, safety light-containing plant ingredients. High waterproof and sweat-proof products do not use, because the seal is extremely strong, easy to clog pores. Also after use remember to do a thorough cleansing and cleaning work.
3. Reduce the use of makeup products, acne appears when try to reduce the number of make-up, up weak though, but when choosing cosmetics should be using products with natural ingredients, colors, flavors and preservatives should be avoided. Since most of the makeup products are easy to mix with sebum and clogged pores, so beautiful you are still put to use less makeup. But also do a thorough cleansing and cleaning work.

Want friends to eliminate acne, may wish to according to the three principles for the Elimination of acne.

Read Also :Closed how acne removal

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Closed how acne removal

Closed acne how to remove it? We grow up, our skin tissues are also in circulation and metabolism, aging down if we do not promptly remove them horny, these hornystacked together, a long time, can clog our pores, forming comedones. There was when we were washing the face, clean not thorough enough, leave some residual dust, or are likely to cause blocking of the pores, acne appears. Understand this, will be able to know how to remove closed comedones!!!

Closed acne how removal 

1. Acne how removal, we know acne of appeared is big degree Shang and cleaning not completely about, so we should strengthening face of skin clean, especially in cleaning using makeup Hou of face Shi, to with Dreamtimes dream clean surface milk such of has super high clean force of wash surface milk to guarantee makeup unloading except of clean, not should has extra of makeup residues in face above. When using cosmetics, choose maintenance type. There is regularly going to the beauty salon beauty, clear of horny skin metabolism. Skin cleaner, will not clog the pores, acne does not come out naturally. Seal of acne how to remove 
2. Replenish moisture when the skin's water shortage will frequently desquamate skin clogging pores, if not enhanced, acne will soar. To skin water supplement, in addition to plenty of water, but also the help of make-up water, most lotions contain alcohol components on the market, alcohol will take a large amount of water on the surface of he skin, can cause dry skin, acne long more stubborn. Many acne has the experience, injured after the turn to plant water-alcohol-free toner, natural infiltration water and good acne. As friends and now out with more licorice VB6 hydrating acne effects which you very well. No matter what kind of hydrating acne, you have choices to suit your skin, after the wash water can suppress acne growth. Seal of acne how to remove 
3. Regular exfoliation removes wastes accumulate in thepores of the skin on a regular basis, can promote cell metabolism, and avoid old dead skin cells accumulate, blocked hair follicles, causing bacteria and produce pimples. Seal of acne how to remove 
4. Choosing the right acne products when you have acne on their face, to select suitable skin care products to cure acne, avoid the use of ointments, creams and other acne products that contain hormones, can use that contains salicylic acid, Chamomile, Witch Hazel oil control acne ingredients of skin careproducts. "Years summary of to Acne experience, hope help to more friends" from junior high school began long acne Acne to now also has good years, with had of removing acne products also many, but are is invalid ended, really let people sad extremely, but didn't approach, people live with is to this face, struggling found party, road vast, heaven not negative painstakingly people, now acne acne finally good has, heart stolen Hi, but and thought how many with I as was acne acne torture of acne friends are, now put this good method and feel to everyone wrote out Acne is a disease, to treat drug use, coupled with careful conditioning to remove acne. But we always were acne advertising rushing and passing out brains, acne on the Internet looking for an acne product, dream like said in the advertisement, removed a few days back acne-free, dream, Kiss ...! 

Honestly, acne products are not medicines, skin care products, in Taobao, Jingdong is currently not selling drugs, so acne products are unable to achieve the effect of drugs, is not going to help our acne, bad,much more severe acne. Therefore, all acne, including my friends, can use the acne to acne, it is nonsense, if you still believe that the advertising, people believe that don't know recommended acne products, acne tea, waiting, waiting to tear the heart lung heart-breaking ... ... My acne has gone through 6 years, acne products time and time again fills me with hope that vomit blood again and again the sad ... I see .... My heart is tired. ... So to remove acne, had to get a professional acne a physician, hospital, please don't go, haven't seen the blood is drawn person comprehensive inspection, prescribe medicine without asking a few words, the effect is less than on-street drinking a cup of tea, versus not be in hundreds of thousands of flowers, really can't afford. I have to thank my friend acne cure acne secrets doctors, after more than20 days of hard fighting acne until total elimination of acne, now more than six months without acne, long March-like war pox finally succeeded. So the acne acne findprofessional doctors and insist on staying up late, do not eat food lit, severe acne can be removed again. (Physicians Q to friends who want to stay, I hope pox friends get back acne-free self as soon as possible) to sum it up: don't believeacne products acne, acne products, will pit your MOM don't even recognize it. Professional acne acne find side physicians, coupled with the stick to routine, diet, to eradicate acne quickly.

Read Also : What is Acne

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What Is Acne

Acne (acne, acne, Acne Vulgaris, acne) is a common skin disease, which can cause inflammation of the sebaceous glands or hair follicles on the skin of the human body, local lesions can squeeze when white or milky white rice-like powdered juice of thorn-like pimples. The disease occurs in adolescence to young adult. It is estimated that among people between the ages of 11-30 and 80% people will be in for a period of acne. In 40 or 50 years old, it was also acne. Predilection is usually the face, Chin, there are Chest, back, shoulders, upper arms, hips. Mild symptoms are manifested as acne (Comedones, and an open Comedo, atresia of Whitehead), severe form of papules/pustules (Papules/pustules), nodules (nodules) and cysts (cysts). May cause the skin of acne depression (pitted) and contracture of scar (hypertrophic Scars), also put patients at risk of psychological harm, such as loss of confidence, depression and even suicidal tendencies. Therefore, early prevention and treatment of acne, not only to reduce scarring, can avoid the psychological impact of the disease on patients.

Acne is also a subtype of occurs in adult females. Characteristics are often greasy face, before menstruation Especially, focus concentrated on the Chin, neck, etc. Such patients need to consider whether in the differential diagnosis of Polycystic ovaries.

Antibiotic therapy hormone therapy 

isotretinoin (a sour) 

Intralesional Glucocorticoids (commonly known as "acne needle")

diet and acne cause • gene • diet • endocrine disorders • psychological symptoms • same performance with Seborrheic Dermatitis: hair follicles secrete too much grease. But acne wasn't seborrheic dermatitis. • Black White: both non-inflammatory, caused by excess sebum. The former is due to open, surface fat oxidation by air was black; the latter is not open, so the sebum to maintain legacy • white • Zits • nodule scar: SAG, grooves, varicella-like formation • pigmentation acne formation in General, there are four factors

Horny hair follicles (Follicular hyperkeratinization): hair follicles

Horny cause the Sebaceous Gland secretions of no discharge, resulting in hair follicle rupture, inflammatory cell infiltration (inflammatory cells infiltration) • excessive secretion of sebaceous glands: too many male hormones (Androgen) cause the sebaceous glands to secrete too much strong. This people's innate physical, environmental-related. • Acne bacteria breeding grounds (Propionibacterium acnes proliferation and colonization): promote inflammation • inflammatory substances (inflammatory mediators) released: acne bacteria

Break down triglycerides into fatty acids secreted by the sebaceous glands, promotes inflammation treatment methods include oral and topical formulations

• Salicylic acid, azalea acid: mainly used for Exfoliating. • Benzoyl Peroxide (benzoyl peroxide): belongs to the oxidant, strong bactericidal power, and there is no problem of drug resistance. • Topical t-Retinotin (commonly known as a acid): Sebaceous Gland atrophy, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory effects in one. Effect is strongest, is the last line of therapy, however modest is not easily used. • Topical antibiotics (antibiotic therapy) • hormone therapy treatments depending on the severity of patients, ranged from 4 weeks to more than half a year. All kinds of prescription drugs are subject to medical advice. Antibiotic therapy

With antibiotics to kill the sebaceous glands in Acne, and makes it impossible to break down triglycerides into fatty acids, which reduce inflammation. Front line of four ring mold is typically used antibiotics, such as the emergence of drug-resistant

Use the second line of clindamycin (Clindamycin）

Class, and are resistant to third-line SP is used (Baktar) drugs. Hormone therapy apply to the subtypes of the adult female. Spironolactone diuretic, oral contraceptives is typically used to adjust the imbalance in the body's hormones. Male patients is not recommended to use this therapy, or easily causing Gynecomastia side-effects such as. Course of treatment usually lasts more than six months. Isotretinoin (a acid) a acid sebaceous glands can shrink, from the most basic treatment of acne. And it has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory effects. However, Sebaceous Gland atrophy is an irreversible process, although the effect is strongest, but the last line of therapy, however modest is not easily used. The relationship between diet and acne [edit] members of the public think that eating "fried", "hot" foods, can result in acne. Actually eating what foods cause acne occur, everyone is different, it is not absolute. Recent research shows high sugar diet cause acne formation. Researchers believe that high sugar diet can make rapid insulin secretion, and this affects the hormonal balance, lead to sebaceous glands easy oil. Research has also pointed out that milk may make good acne

Scutellaria acne repair fluid open category: cosmetic acne

• End of MSN Mobile fetion space lobbyist acne repair fluid culvert thatched cottage of scutellaria baicalensis radix scutellariae acne repair fluid, pure herbal extracts offers efficient penetration into the skin, and acne full precision parts, antiseptic, to heat on HIV will be adsorbed excess oil and dirt decomposition, Unclog pores and cause Acne to become dry and shriveled, heal wounds, restore health and perfect skin.

Specification: 20ml skin: any skin shelf life: three years, opening 24 months after use note: seals, fire escape, avoiding heat; avoid entrance, eye; if not, please stop using. Function of radix scutellariae acne repair liquid-pure herbal extracts can efficiently penetrate the skin, and acne full precision parts, antiseptic, to heat on HIV will be adsorbed excess oil and dirt decomposition, Unclog pores and cause Acne to become dry and shriveled, heal wounds, restore health and perfect skin. Usage: after cleansing, apply acne repair light tap to absorb liquid evenly to the damaged area. Acne repair fluid-Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients of scutellaria baicalensis radix scutellariae radix scutellariae there is heat dampness, xiehuo detoxification, hygrothermal and fullness, blood heat easy, Carbuncles sore with HIV, antibacterial anti-inflammatory effect, inhibition against a variety of acne bacteria. Forsythia "acne panacea," said, clearing heat and detoxifying, swelling and heat junction. Can promote the formation of inflammatory barriers, reducing capillary permeability, eliminate redness caused by acne. The Sebaceous Gland secretion inhibited, reducing the excessive skin greasy. Sophora flavescens Kushen clearing heat and purging fire, poison, dispel, antipruritic efficacy significantly, early on can eliminate acne redness. Also inhibits excessive secretion of sebum, reduce sebum deposition and formation of acne, skin smoothly, Prunus persica peach seed is bitter, sweet, even. There is blood stasis, dryness of lubricating the bowel function also has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Scutellaria acne repair culvert cottage--a liquid-brand value to "Jing Qi Huang You skin doctors heart operation the world economy" into a brand new Chinese medicine acne skin care products, faith

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Globally recognized healthy lifestyle schedule

 

healthy lifestyle schedule

7:30-8:00: Brush your teeth before breakfast.  

 

"Before breakfast, brushing teeth to prevent corrosion,Because after brushing,Can be applied to the outside of the teeth A layer of a fluorine-containing layer of protection.Either Just half an hour after breakfast and then brush your teeth and so on."British Dental Association Health And security researcher Gordon Watkins said. 

8:00-8:30: Eat breakfast.  

 "You must eat breakfast,Because it can help you maintain blood sugar levels stable."Science, University of London KingHospital nutritionist Kevin Weier Lun said.You can eat oatmeal for breakfast,Such foods have a low glycemic index.

8:30-9:00 :avoid movement. 

Researchers from Brunel University found In the morning exercise athletes more susceptible to illnessdisease, Because this time the immune system function weakest.Walk to work.University of Massachusetts Medical School The researchers found that people walk every day, sedentary chance than those who do not exercise a cold low disease25%. 

9:30: Start of the most difficult day at work. 

Sleep Center in New York researchers have found Most people wake up every day in the minds of most of the twelve hours wide awake 

day at work

10:30: Your eyes off the screen to take a break.  

If you use computers at work, then every hour worked, let the eye rest3minute. 11:00: Eat fruit.  This is a good way to decrease blood sugar in the body to solve.Eat an orange or some red fruit,this wayYou can also add body iron content and vitamin C content.

13:00: Add some beans and vegetables on the bread. 

You need a delicious lunch,And can slowly release energy. "Baked beans are rich Cellulose, tomato sauce can be used as a part of the vegetable. "Said Dr. Jacques. 

beans and vegetables

14:30-15:30: Lunch break for a little while. 

Athens, a university study found that those who daily noon lunch break30Or more minutes per week toLittle siesta3Times people, the chance of death from heart disease will decrease37%.

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